![]() For example, when a user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user. It authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type network, assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers, and installing or updating software. However, it eventually became an umbrella title for a broad range of directory-based identity-related services.Ī server running the Active Directory Domain Service (AD DS) role is called a domain controller. Initially, it was used only for centralized domain management. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems as a set of processes and services. To reliably and unambiguously identify entries, a UUID might be provided in the set of the entry’s operational attributes.Īctive Directory ( AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. if /foo/bar/myfile.txt were the DN, then myfile.txt would be the RDN).Ī DN may change over the lifetime of the entry, for instance, when entries are moved within a tree. Think of the DN as the full file path and the RDN as its relative filename in its parent folder (e.g. This consists of its Relative Distinguished Name ( RDN), constructed from some attribute(s) in the entry, followed by the parent entry’s DN. Each entry has a unique identifier: its Distinguished Name ( DN).An attribute has a name (an attribute type or attribute description) and one or more values.An entry consists of a set of attributes.The protocol provides an interface with directories as follows: This usage has been deprecated along with LDAPv2, which was officially retired in 2003. The use of LDAP over SSL was common in LDAP Version 2 (LDAPv2) but it was never standardized in any formal specification. The default port for LDAP over SSL is 636. Unbind – close the connection (not the inverse of Bind)Ī common alternative method of securing LDAP communication is using an SSL tunnel.Extended Operation – generic operation used to define other operations.Modify Distinguished Name (DN) – move or rename an entry.Compare – test if a named entry contains a given attribute value.Search – search for and/or retrieve directory entries.Bind – authenticate and specify LDAP protocol version.StartTLS– use LDAPv3 Transport Layer Security (TLS) extension for a secure connection.The client may request the following operations: All information is transmitted using Basic Encoding Rules (BER). With some exceptions, the client does not need to wait for a response before sending the next request, and the server may send the responses in any order. The client then sends an operation request to the server, and a server sends responses in return. It is also used as the basis for Microsoft’s Active Directory.Ī client starts an LDAP session by connecting to an LDAP server, called a Directory System Agent (DSA), by default on TCP and UDP port 389, or on port 636 for LDAPS (LDAP over TLS/SSL, see below). LDAP has influenced subsequent Internet protocols, including later versions of X.500, XML Enabled Directory (XED), Directory Service Markup Language (DSML), Service Provisioning Markup Language (SPML), and the Service Location Protocol (SLP). It was given its Lightweight name because it was not as network intensive as its predecessors and thus was more easily implemented over the Internet due to its relatively modest bandwidth usage. It was renamed with the expansion of the scope of the protocol beyond directory browsing and searching, to include directory update functions. In the early engineering stages of LDAP, it was known as Lightweight Directory Browsing Protocol, or LDBP. This allows many different applications and services to connect to the LDAP server to validate users. Similarly, a telephone directory is a list of subscribers with an address and a phone number.Ī common use of LDAP is to provide a central place to store usernames and passwords. As examples, directory services may provide any organized set of records, often with a hierarchical structure, such as a corporate email directory. Directory services play an important role in developing intranet and Internet applications by allowing the sharing of information about users, systems, networks, services, and applications throughout the network. ![]() The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services over an Internet Protocol (IP) network. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP).
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